101 [011] Introductory Geology (3). Geologic materials: minerals and rocks. Major geologic events: earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain formation, plate tectonics, and continental drifts. Landscape development by glaciers, streams and groundwater, ocean currents and waves, wind. Not open to students with credit in or currently enrolled in GEOL 105, 109, or 111. (Optional lab)

101L [011L] Introductory Geology Laboratory (1). Pre- or corequisite, GEOL 101. Study of common minerals and rocks. Use of topographic and geologic maps to illustrate geologic processes. Two laboratory hours a week.

103 [012] The Marine Environment (MASC 101) (3). Introduction to physical, chemical, biological, and geological phenomena in oceanic and coastal environments. Human use of, and impact on, marine resources. Science majors see GEOL 403.

105 [013] Violent Earth (3). Earth as a dynamic planet, changing catastrophically through volcanoes, earthquakes, hurricanes, and meteoric impacts. Causes and effects of these phenomena will be addressed as well as their impact on human development. Not open to students with credit in or currently enrolled in GEOL 101, 109, or 111. (Optional lab)

109 [018] Earth, Climate, and Life through Time (3). Origin of the solid earth. Plate tectonics, earthquakes, and volcanic hazards/prediction. Evolution of the atmosphere and oceans. Climate change. Origin of life, evolution and mass extinctions, dinosaurs and hominids. Not open to students with credit in or currently enrolled in GEOL 101, 105, or 111. (Optional lab)

109L [018L] Earth, Climate, and Life through Time Laboratory (1). Pre- or corequisite, GEOL 109. Rocks and crustal evolution; plate tectonics, seismology and seismic hazards; atmospheric change; fossil invertebrates, the record of mass extinctions; dinosaurs and hominids. Many of the labs will use interactive software.

111 [41] Physical Geology for Science Majors (ENST 111) (4). Introduction to geology for geology majors and other science majors. Origin of minerals and rocks. Structure of the Earth. Erosion, volcanoes, earthquakes, plate tectonics. Not open to students with credit in or currently enrolled in GEOL 101, 105, or 109. Three lecture and two laboratory hours a week.

159 [016] Prehistoric Life (BIOL 159) (3). Fossils and the origin and evolution of life, including micro- and macroevolution, mass extinctions, the evolution of dinosaurs and humans, and scientific perspectives on multicultural creationism. (Optional lab)

159L [016L] Prehistoric Life Laboratory (BIOL 159L) (1-2). Pre- or corequisite, GEOL 159. Normal laboratory is one credit hour; two credit hour laboratory includes internship (three to five hours, once a week) at the N.C. Museum of Natural History as part of APPLES program.